Which networking concept allows for flexible data transmission?

Packet switching is the correct choice because it facilitates flexible data transmission by breaking down data into packets that can be transmitted independently over a network. Each packet can take different paths to reach the destination based on network conditions, which enhances efficiency and optimizes the use of available bandwidth. This method contrasts sharply with dedicated circuits, where a fixed path and bandwidth are assigned for the entire duration of a connection, leading to less flexibility in handling varying traffic loads.

Additionally, packet switching allows for the integration of different types of services and supports various transmission rates, accommodating bursts of traffic. This dynamic allocation of resources makes packet switching particularly well-suited for the internet and modern networks, where data flows can be unpredictable and varied in size.

Message switching, while also a concept that enables data transmission, relies on storing messages until the next available path is ready, which can introduce delays. Static routing, on the other hand, involves predetermined routes that do not adapt to changes in traffic or network availability, making it rigid in comparison. Thus, packet switching is the primary technology that empowers flexible and efficient data communication across complex networks.