What is the key distinction between symmetric and asymmetric encryption?

The key distinction between symmetric and asymmetric encryption lies in the number of keys used in each method. Symmetric encryption employs a single key for both the encryption and decryption processes. This means that the same key must be shared among communicating parties to secure their data, which can pose challenges in securely exchanging that key.

In contrast, asymmetric encryption utilizes a pair of keys: a public key and a private key. The public key can be shared widely and is used for encrypting data, while the private key, which is kept secret, is used for decryption. This dual-key structure allows for secure communication without the need to share a single key, enhancing security, especially in scenarios like securing communications over the internet.

Understanding this fundamental difference helps clarify how each method operates and their respective applications in various security contexts.